Refractometers commonly measure sugar in water (fruit juice, etc.) and make those measurements in BRIX.
Other substances in the water also affect the reading but generally not by enough that they can't just be ignored. So with a suitable table you can read off OG like the dual scale example in the earlier post.
But alcohol in the water isn't something that can be ignored! So a wort that has started fermenting needs another table for the alcohol/water mix that the sugar is dissolved in now. As it would be impractical to have lots of tables for different alcohol contents you need a little calculator that can use the original reading (OG) to figure out the alcohol content and come back with an accurate SG (or FG if fermentation is done) for the Brix being read off now.
So the dual scale example shown earlier is pretty useless! Except for measuring OG. And if that all sounds complicated, yes it is. But if you've got a nifty tool on your computer/mobile (I use the one in Beersmith), then no it isn't.
A hassle having to use a calculator tool to get your reading; but nothing like as big a hassle as using a fragile hydrometer! The sample for a refractometer is a couple of drops. The sample for a hydrometer is about 1/4 pint!