I’ve had quite a busy day today, kegging a beer and preparing for a double brew-day tomorrow - bitter and stout.
Speaking of stout some of you will know I’ve been wanting to improve my beers and in the case of stout I wanted a smoother flavour and a creamy head. I’ve made some progress here as you can see from this picture but I’ve learned a few things along the way so if you like stout and share my desire for a smooth nitro-stout, strap in…
View attachment 67371
On the subject of smooth flavour, this is of course a personal preference and many will argue a dry Irish stout is a different animal - agreed. That’s not what I want however. To achieve that smooth flavour I now cold-steep the roast grains. I did previously try adding the roast grains at the end of the mash but this didn’t go far enough. Here’s a picture of the dark grains steeping - this is 600g roast barley and 200g chocolate malt in 4l liquor. The grains are steeped overnight and the steeped liquor separated from the grain.
View attachment 67372
I initially added the steeping liquor at flameout and while this did produce a very smooth flavour there was also a raw grain flavour. The solution is to add the steeping liquor 10 minutes before the end of the boil to cook out that raw flavour.
The nitro dispense needs a different bottle of gas, 30/70 mixed gas (30% CO2, 70% Nitrogen). Mixed gas has a different fitting for the primary regulator so you also need a different primary regulator. Finally, you need a stout spout which is much like a regular tap spout but has a disk with about five small holes in it that the stout flows through - more on this in a moment.
A little bit of science (not hard) is needed to understand nitro-stout. Using regular 100% CO2 carbonation the CO2 easily dissolves in your beer and at dispense that dissolved CO2 is eager to escape and forms lots of big bubbles that rush to the surface coalescing into bigger bubbles on the way up and forming the head.
When using mixed gas the CO2 behaves just the same as above but Nitrogen doesn’t easily dissolve in your beer. It will do so though at high pressure and I’ll come back to this shortly.
Despite being hard to get into your beer, once there nitrogen isn’t in any rush to escape (related to the abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere) and so a stout spout is used to create turbulence and encourage the nitrogen to form small bubbles - these create that creamy head. Because nitrogen is in no rush to escape the bubbles don’t rush to the surface or coalesce as quickly and that head can last. The CO2 in the meantime is desperate to get out and creates that cascading effect - the CO2 is tumbling the nitrogen bubbles! You’ll see you need the nitrogen for the creamy head of tiny tight bubbles and you need the CO2 for that cascading effect, if the balance is wrong one or the other effect will not be as good. This brings me back to pressure and I’m still talking 30/70 here. To get the right effect you need high pressure, depended on temperature of course. For my stout at about 12C the required pressure for carbonation and dispense is 52psi - yes, really. I tried lower pressure and you do get the head at about 45psi but no cascade.
Another interesting adventure…