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There is nothing within your water supply zone report that is indicating Alkalinity (as CaCO3). Clark, French, and German Degrees are all in reference to Total Hardness, and are merely different means of representing the Total Hardness. Hardness is not Alkalinity. Both Hardness and Alkalinity...

Your Alkalinity (as CaCO3) must be stated in German dH units. If that is indeed the case, then 5.4 dH is roughly 96.4 mg/L (ppm).

I've heard it stated by several people (who inevitably are fans of US-05) that Nottingham yeast is a hop expression (and IBU's) killer. I have not verified this, but I'm parroting it... wink... YMMV But if US-05 is similar to WLP001, and Nottingham is similar to WLP029, then.... H'mmm Edit...

I've been doing my own little experiment (of sorts) whereby to assess the bitterness and/or dryness attributable to mineralization. Two of my favorite lagers are Pilsner Urquell and Great Lakes Dortmunder Gold. Pilsner Urquell is rated at 40 IBU, and is 'presumed' to be the product of water...

Found something akin to it: http://tastingroom.yeastman.com/upload/Reports/Graphs/WLP029_WLP810_WLP080_WLP940_WLP001_WLP830_WLP051_IBU%20One%20Page.pdf

What is likely more trustworthy about enhancing and suppressing hop bitterness is that some yeasts seem to enhance the expression of hop bitterness, some yeasts seem to suppress the expression of hop bitterness, and some yeasts are middling in this regard. Yeasts may even go so far as to play...

Who says that recommended water mineralization levels (also known as "Water Profiles") have the magic to transform beer from bad to good, or even from one style to another? Is there magic in the ratio or the minerals that comprise it? Again, much experimentation and blind tasting study would...

Increasing Sulfate does not make beer more bitter. If anything, it 'perhaps' makes beer seem drier. One would need to experiment whereby to see if it changes the perception of hop bitterness. And then one would need to experiment whereby to determine if chloride suppresses the perception of...

I always thought Brewer's Friend was maintained by Kai Troester (Braukaiser), and was based upon his research and equations/formulas. A moderator here should know, and be able to set the record straight, as this forum has ties to Brewer's Friend.

Talk about a massive cheap energy tailwind. Here in the States 4 x 1 Liter bottles of spring water or bottled RO drinking water will more often than not cost more than a US gallon of Petrol. Petrol is presently averaging ~$3.00 US per US Gallon (= 3.785 Liters) around where I live. And a...

A pet peeve of mine is when Petrol refining companies Flare off all of their unmarketable distillation fractions durring fractional distillation refining. Those endless flare torches likely represent multiple billions to trillions of annual BTU's that could potentially be (or could possibly...

An even worse and more sad ERoEI joke upon humanity is 'Compressed Air' powered vehicles.

Another one to ponder: The hydrogen fuel cell, and/or direct fueling with hydrogen. Hydrogen is one of the most scarce (if not factually the very most scarce) 'natural' commodities residing on or within this Earth or it's atmosphere, and making it (via dissociating water into hydrogen and...

Additional to the above, when fossil fuels are banned and the "civilized" world resorts to 100% renewable energy I believe we will often be faced with a headwind of energy outages, deficits, and soaring energy costs. Texas showed us this past winter that many will suffer and some will even die...

Here's one to think about. Chris Martenson, whom I believe (subject to correction) was once a vice president of the Pfizer Corporation, once pondered "What if every advancement of society and humanity as we know it today has merely been an artifact of what is seemingly an over-abundance (or...

I think the dawn of fractional reserve currency establishes the 'ground zero' time for the emergence of MMT. This takes it way back in time. Fiat currency merely takes it to a next higher level. "Same-Same, but different." (to toss in a common Chinese saying that somehow seems fitting here)...

Certainly NOT, if it's a "fractional reserve" based gold standard. That's not much different from fiat. I happen to think silver should be part of a nominal standard. Not just gold. BTW, which safe would you prefer to be lucky enough to recover if you only had one shot at it? (see my other...

A purely hypothetical thought experiment on fiat money as a legitimate proxy for wealth: Lets assume that the Titanic was carrying two identical well sealed safes when it sank. One with multiple 400 Troy Ounce 99.999 fine gold central bank ingots, and one with what was back then considered to...

Here's one to ponder. If the average human aspires to live to the age of 85, and our central banks are targeting what they inform us to be a very mild and controllable "ideal" annual inflation rate of a mere 2%, then in one average/desired human lifetime the average cost of goods will rise by...

A few concerns of mine: 1) ERoEI (energy returned on energy invested). When more energy in one form is expended whereby to yield less energy in either the same or another form things get interesting. For but one example, if it takes more refined gasoline consumption whereby to extract crude...