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Northern Brewer - many thanks. I do not chill the wort at all, so I suspect you have nailed it. Next brew I will cool to 75 C before adding 100 gm hops. 10 gm of cascade for 60 minutes will give be 8 ibu, so I don't need much more bitterness for a pale bitter style, as long as there is plenty...

Baron - 10 gm of Summit for 30 minutes should suffice for a pale bitter 3.8% abv

Thanks Baron. Would a hop tea brewed at 70 deg C for say 30 minutes achieve the same aim ? I don't see why not.

Clint - what is a hopstand - did you end boil, allow to cool to 76c, add 200 g hops and maintain 76c for a set time, or allow to cool.

My last brew had 5 gm summit hops boiled for 60 minutes, with 100 gm cascade hops for the last 2 minutes. Still short on aroma and overly bitter. Would removing the cascade hops at flameout help ? Is 100 gm enough ? (22 litre brew)

I love going to a good pub- but there are not many good pubs around. Beer often less than good, toilets smell bad - are the glasses clean ( before they are picked up with 2 fingers down the inside of the glass.... I choose B&Bs based on CAMRA guide and trip advisor reviews of pubs in the target...

I ferment in 13L and 9L stainless steel pans with saucepan style lids. I rinse well under the hot tap after brewing, and again before brewing. I make yeast starters from dried yeast with added brewing sugar, vitamin C and yeast nutrient. Never had other than "good" smells and my last infected...

john smiths

thanks all - it is a short term thing - back to mashing asap - I thought a kit says add 1 kg sudar / dme - so reduce length by a third and no addition - ~I like hops - may add 10 and 20 % water to some bottles as an experimenrt.

I have purchased a selection of Coopers kits. The plan is to make them up to only 13 litres, with no sugar or DME addition. UNLESS you knowledgeable people have a better plan. Posted here rather than the kit forum as I want full mash quality...

for £9 try this https://www.amazon.co.uk/ARCELI-Electronic-Regulator-Thermostat-Controller/dp/B07BP4N2VP/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&keywords=Voltage+Regulator&qid=1620634597&sr=8-5

liquid is 30% cacl2

thanks, both

Which is best for pale and golden bitters, please ?

please add me NN15 6PU

My last few beers with protofloc did not clear to well. For a beer made yesterday I found an old jar of irish moss at least 10 years old. I added 5 gm for last 15 minutes of boil. When I skimmed the crud off the top tonight, the beer revealed was as clear as crystal, 31 hours after yeast pitch...

next brew - 5 bottles no sugar - 5 bottles 1 gm sugar - the rest 2 gm. Leave at warm room temperature 7 days than store at 12 to 15 deg C. A practical experiment that will tell you lots !

Polcho - why do you need such accuracy ? If a beer is 3.76 or more accurately 3.81 is this a concern ?

"then you can use a standard hydrometer to get an accurate fg if you don't want to do the calculations." A hydrometer is inaccurate for the same reasons a refactometer is - the presence of alcohol affects the FG, but the inaccuracy in both cases is small and should not affect us amateur...

Weston Master IV exposure meter......