Just a few phrases and words that might help:
- Malted Barley = The cereal barley that has been conditioned so that it produces sugar.
- Malt Extract (ME) = The liquid extracted from the malted barley.
- LME = Liquid Malt Extract
- DME = Dried Malt Extract (aka Spray Dried Malt due to the way it is made).
- Mashing = The method of heating in water the malted barley in order to extract the sugars.
- Wort = The liquid produced by Mashing which is to be fermented.
- Fermentation = The process of turning the sugars in the wort into alcohol by using yeast.
- Yeast = A friendly bacteria that is used to produce alcohol from the wort.
- Dried Yeast = Yeast dried, sold in sachets and either sprinkled on top of the wort or rehydrated.
- Liquid Yeast = Yeast sold in a liquid that is usually poured into the wort.
- Yeast Starter = Yeast that has been fed so that the original yeast increases in volume.
- Pitching = The process of pouring or sprinkling the yeast into or on to the wort.
- Trub = The dead yeast and debris at the bottom of a brew after fermentation.
- Krausen = The layer of scum and debris that forms of top of the brew during fermentation.
- Hydrometer = A measuring device that allows the brewer to determine the gravity of his brew.
- OG = The Original Gravity. (i.e. the Specific Gravity of the wort before the yeast is pitched.)
- FG = The Final Gravity. (i.e. the Specific Gravity of the brew after fermentation is completed.)
- ABV = Alcohol by Volume. (i.e. the % of alcohol present in the brew.)
- Carbonation = Putting the CO2 (fizz) into the brew after fermentation is completed.
- Natural carbonation = An addition of sugar to a bottle or keg is allowed to ferment and produce CO2.
- Forced carbonation = The use of CO2 gas at high pressure to force CO2 into a brew; usually in a keg.
- Conditioning = The time allowed for a brew to rest and mature before drinking. This may be up to a year.
- 2+2+2 = A system of brewing which allows two weeks for each following stage before trying the brew:
- Fermentation.
- Carbonation.
- Conditioning.
I'm sure that I have missed more than a few of the words or phrases that you will need but these are the basics.
Enjoy!
PS
I have simplified many of the explanations. If you need a more complicated explanation for any aspect of brewing then please ask!