I seem to recall reading that copper is considerably more toxic to yeast than to humans; so if you were getting close to anything dangerous the beer simply wouldn't brew.
Even so, one thing I recommend to people using copper immersion chillers in SS boilers is to prevent any direct electrical contact between the copper and the SS at any point (either above or below the beer).
The problem is that copper and SS have different galvanic potentials, so if you put pieces of them both into an electrolyte like hot, mildly acidic wort you've basically made a battery (like putting a zinc and a copper nail into a lemon, if you ever did that experiment). If the copper and the SS are now connected together e.g. by touching, a current will flow and the copper will start slowly dissolving into the beer... (see
Wikipedia: Lasagne Cell)
You can see the general effect in this example of an iron nail with a copper wire wrapped around it. The copper is preventing the iron from oxidising, but is itself slowly dissolving (the blue-green stains in the gel)
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