you sure can matey...
I've not done it this way before, cos it would be a pain in the a*$% to do it for 40 odd bottles, which is my usual batch.
Reading up on it, it looks like a heaped tsp of sugar is about 4.2g apparently, which wouldn't be enough for me, as I like it pretty fizzy.
An easier (less messy) option might be to use carb drops, which you can plop into the bottle when bottling, I used these for a couple of my early brews before I got the hang of batch priming. I would use two of those per 500ml bottle for a decent fizz.
http://www.tesco.com/direct/coopers-carbonation-drops/213-3925.prd