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Yeast need oxygen to reproduce, which is why you need to aerate your wort at the start.

Agreed, at least in part - hindsight is a wonderful thing because so many potential epidemics have flared up and then fizzled out. But the minute that Spain and Italy were overwhelmed we should have acted swiftly. But - as i pointed out earlier this vaccine roll-out has been among the best in...

I think it’s pretty clear that the government ignored the expert advice initially, even when Italy and Spain were in deep sh*t. Everything they did in 2020 was too late, but at least 2021 has seen an improvement.

I’m in the UCL virus watch study, they’re sending out weekly questionnaires to fill out online too to monitor symptoms as well as blood tests (finger prick samples monthly at the mo). I’ve never suspected I had Covid but have twice tested positive for N-antibodies this year which was an...

I've never tried the kits but made my own using plain skittles as a flavouring. After fermentation was complete I kegged for a couple of days and force-carbonated when needed - it was quite lively to start with. Tasted OK, great over ice on a warm day (I hope we get some more) but this latest...

Do you know what very low certainty means? That’s the evidence that it doesn’t work. If only small, poorly controlled trials show a positive outcome then why do you think it is worth following up on? As for it being off-patent so no financial incentive it didn’t stop the NHS trialling steroids...

If the evidence actually showed such a dramatic effect then it would be used. The fact that results are mixed, trials are small and controls generally poor puts this exactly in the same boat as hydroxychloroquine - so we do know that it doesn’t work as well as you claim it does. Clinical...

I think you missed my point - despite several studies there is no convincing evidence that it does work. So I think that we do actually know.

Or maybe - and much more likely - it doesn’t actually work.

What a cracking idea, I never thought of that. i just chuck them in the bucket & let them sit on top...

You need to be very careful with small studies, especially in which they carefully control which patients are enrolled into the groups. Publication bias is also an issue during such hectic times as negative outcomes may not be published in the rush to start a different trial. If the drug...

Problem is that the jury is still out in this one because overall the evidence is still inconclusive. There are many positive trials and also many indifferent ones, but the risk of taking vitamins is negligible. If you’re Vit D deficient then you should be taking supplements regardless of Covid.

I do have to admit that I was surprised that the WHO didn’t recommend an end to international travel. Even more surprised that the UK still allows it.

Crikey mate, what makes you think I’m not a reptilian overlord who just appreciates those who share the love?

Apparently he’s an economist. Not someone I’d expect to get reliable breaking medical info from.

Neither infections nor vaccinations guarantee that you will develop antibodies though - which is why the vaccines are not 100% effective (out immune systems are not 100% effective).

You’re welcome. I’ll wait for the “experts” to tell us all why cycle threshold is a problem with SARS CoV-2 but not with influenza, for which it has been used for decades to identify infections.

The crazy thing is that there is little risk with taking a Vitamin supplement- apart from making expensive urine. This recent meta-analysis shows no significant impact however. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0026049521000536

This is quite a minefield but basically Vit D is essential for an optimum immune response across the board but is not the only factor. The problem appears to be that there are several studies showing a casual relationship and roughly an equal number showing no significant effect. But yes, some...

It’s basically like this: https://www.dnasoftware.com/amplification-efficiency-is-not-exponential/